What is the difference between a "Dead Reckoning" (DR) position and an "Estimated Position" (EP), and which should generally be preferred for passage-planning decisions when tidal data is available?

A. DR and EP are the same thing and the terms are interchangeable

B. DR accounts for tidal stream while EP does not

C. EP can only be calculated using satellite navigation equipment

D. A DR position is plotted using only the course steered and distance run through the water, with no allowance for tidal stream, current, or leeway; an EP additionally applies known tidal stream/current and leeway to give a more realistic estimate of the vessel's actual position over the ground — where tidal data is available, the EP should generally be preferred for passage-planning decisions, as it accounts for the effects most likely to cause a vessel to be off her intended track

A. A third bearing is required by law for every fix taken

B. A third bearing is never useful and only wastes time

C. Two bearings give a position at their intersection, but a third bearing forms a small triangle ("cocked hat") where the three position lines meet — the size of this triangle gives a visual indication of the likely accuracy of the fix and any compass error, helping the navigator judge how much to trust the result

D. Three bearings always cancel out all errors and produce a perfect fix

A. 3/12 of the range

B. 1/12 of the range

C. 1/2 of the range

D. 6/12 of the range