While waiting for help, how should the cadet be positioned if they are struggling to breathe but are still conscious?

A. Always force them to lie completely flat regardless of how it affects their breathing

B. Leave them sitting alone while attending to other tasks on the boat

C. Have them stand up and walk around to "get moving" through it

D. Help them into a position that makes breathing easiest for them — often sitting up rather than lying flat, since lying flat can make breathing difficulty worse for someone with this kind of reaction. Stay with them and keep talking calmly to reassure them

A. Give them a strong coffee to help them feel more alert

B. Wait calmly to see if the swelling goes down on its own over the next hour

C. Tell them to lie completely flat on their back immediately, regardless of how they are breathing

D. Recognise this as a possible severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and act immediately — check if they carry their own auto-injector (such as an EpiPen) and help them use it straight away if they have one, following the instructions printed on it

A. Assume the auto-injector has completely solved the problem and no further help is needed

B. Wait several hours to see whether the symptoms come back before calling anyone

C. Only call for help if a second auto-injector is not available on board

D. Call for emergency medical help immediately — even after using an auto-injector, the person needs proper medical assessment, since symptoms can return after the medicine wears off. Call the Coastguard on VHF (or 999/112 if in range) and explain a severe allergic reaction has occurred