What is the practical difference between batteries wired in series versus in parallel, in terms of voltage and capacity?

A. Series and parallel wiring produce identical results in every case

B. Wiring batteries in series adds their voltages together while capacity (amp-hours) stays the same as a single battery; wiring in parallel keeps the voltage the same as a single battery while adding the capacities together — getting this wrong (e.g. mixing series and parallel incorrectly) can damage batteries or create a dangerously incorrect voltage

C. Series wiring is used only for 12V systems and parallel only for 24V systems

D. The distinction between series and parallel wiring is purely theoretical with no practical consequence

A. Cold weather alone permanently destroys any lead-acid battery regardless of its charge state

B. A battery left discharged for a long period allows lead sulphate crystals to harden on the plates (sulfation), which reduces the battery's effective capacity and can make it difficult or impossible to fully recharge, even once shore power or a charger is reconnected

C. Batteries left discharged over winter always recover fully with no lasting effect once recharged

D. This issue only affects lithium batteries, never lead-acid types

A. There is no real difference between the two approaches

B. A proper maintenance charger monitors the battery's state and switches between charging and a low-level float/maintenance mode automatically, avoiding both self-discharge over time and the risk of overcharging (which can cause gassing, water loss, or heat damage) that a basic charger left connected indefinitely can cause

C. Maintenance chargers are only relevant to lithium batteries, never lead-acid ones

D. A maintenance charger works only if the battery is fully discharged to begin with