Your vessel is heeled significantly (for example in a hard turn, or under a beam wind while carrying a list). Your examiner asks: "What effect can heel have on radar bearing accuracy, and why?"

A. When a vessel heels significantly, the radar SCANNER — which is fixed relative to the ship's structure, not stabilised to the true horizontal — no longer sweeps in a true horizontal plane; its plane of rotation tilts with the ship. This can introduce BEARING ERRORS (sometimes called heeling error), because the geometry of a tilted rotating beam relative to targets at various true bearings is no longer the simple horizontal case the display assumes. The effect is generally most significant at larger heel angles and can affect the accuracy of bearings taken for navigation or collision-avoidance purposes during the period of heel.

B. Heel has no effect whatsoever on radar bearing accuracy under any circumstances, because the scanner is always gyro-stabilised to true horizontal on every vessel regardless of type or age.

C. Heel affects only the radar's range accuracy, never bearing accuracy, because range is measured purely by timing and heel cannot affect the speed of radio wave propagation.

D. Heeling error is a term describing errors in the magnetic compass caused by the ship's heel, and has no connection to radar bearing accuracy at all.

A. Nothing — a test lift can proceed immediately after repairs

B. Testing should wait until cargo operations begin

C. The area within the grab's swing radius should be cleared of personnel before the lift

D. Only the crane operator needs to be aware the lift is happening

A. Who must remain clear of the exclusion zone while the lift takes place

B. The lunch schedule for the deck team

C. Only the weather forecast for the next watch

D. The cargo manifest for the next port