Why are conventional (non-azimuth) tugs at greater girting risk than Azimuth Stern Drive (ASD) tugs?

A. Conventional tugs have lower bollard pull and cannot resist tow loads at any angle

B. A conventional tug's fixed tow connection cannot manage the tow line angle independently of the ship's movement, while an ASD tug's 360-degree thrust can actively correct the angle under load

C. Conventional tugs are older and built to lower stability standards

D. ASD tugs have automatic girting prevention systems built in

A. Nothing — a test lift can proceed immediately after repairs

B. Testing should wait until cargo operations begin

C. The area within the grab's swing radius should be cleared of personnel before the lift

D. Only the crane operator needs to be aware the lift is happening

A. Who must remain clear of the exclusion zone while the lift takes place

B. The lunch schedule for the deck team

C. Only the weather forecast for the next watch

D. The cargo manifest for the next port