An examiner asks: "What is the ISPS Code, when did it enter into force, and which ships does it apply to?" Give a complete OOW answer.

A. The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code entered into force on 1 July 2004, implemented through SOLAS Chapter XI-2. It applies to passenger ships (including high-speed craft), cargo ships of 500 GT+ on international voyages, and mobile offshore drilling units. It establishes a framework for detecting and deterring security threats, with three security levels.

B. The ISPS Code entered into force in 2001 following the 9/11 attacks. It applies to all ships in domestic trade over 100 GT and requires each ship to carry a Ship Security Plan.

C. The ISPS Code was adopted by the MCA in 2003 and applies to UK-flagged vessels only. It sets out security measures required at UK ports.

D. The ISPS Code is a voluntary industry security framework published by BIMCO that applies to all vessels carrying dangerous goods or bulk cargoes.

A. The ISM Code is mandatory under MARPOL Annex VI for vessels in emission control areas and requires a Safety Management System to be in place covering pollution prevention.

B. The ISM Code is a voluntary industry guideline published by the ICS that sets out best practice for ship safety management. Compliance is required for ships over 3,000 GT only.

C. The ISM Code is an MCA statutory requirement published under the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. It applies to all UK-flagged vessels regardless of size.

D. The International Safety Management Code is a mandatory international standard for the safe management and operation of ships. It is given mandatory effect by SOLAS Chapter IX, which requires companies and ships of 500 GT and above on international voyages to hold a Document of Compliance (DOC) and Safety Management Certificate (SMC).

A. The Document of Compliance (DOC) is issued to the company by the flag state or a recognised organisation on its behalf, confirming the company's SMS meets ISM Code requirements. The Safety Management Certificate (SMC) is issued to each individual ship, confirming the ship's SMS operates in conformity with the approved DOC.

B. The DOC is issued to the master personally confirming the master is competent to manage the ship's SMS. The SMC is issued to the company for all its ships collectively.

C. Both the DOC and the SMC are issued to the ship by the port state control authority after a PSC inspection. They are valid for the port in which the inspection took place.

D. The DOC covers environmental management under MARPOL and the SMC covers safety management under SOLAS. Both are issued to the ship owner.