What are the signs of worsening hypothermia in a survival craft occupant that should be watched for and escalated?

A. Progression from shivering, to slurred speech and confusion, to drowsiness and loss of coordination, and eventually to the shivering stopping altogether (a dangerous sign that the body has lost its ability to generate heat, not a sign of improvement) — any deterioration through these stages should prompt the warmest, driest position available and close monitoring

B. Shivering stopping is always a positive sign that someone is warming up successfully

C. Hypothermia symptoms appear suddenly with no earlier warning signs to monitor for

D. Confusion and slurred speech in a cold survivor are unrelated to hypothermia and should be ignored

A. Cold shock response only affects people with pre-existing heart conditions and is not a general concern

B. Cold shock response is purely psychological with no physical effects on breathing or heart rate

C. Cold shock takes around an hour to develop and is identical to hypothermia

D. Cold shock causes an involuntary gasp reflex, rapid breathing, and a sudden spike in heart rate and blood pressure in the first minute or so of cold water immersion — this is actually a greater immediate drowning risk than hypothermia, which takes much longer to develop, because the gasp reflex can cause water inhalation if the face is submerged at that moment

A. A position used only when removing an immersion suit in calm water

B. A swimming technique designed to maximise speed when swimming towards a liferaft or rescue vessel

C. A position adopted by a lone individual in the water wearing a lifejacket — knees drawn up to the chest, arms crossed and held close to the sides of the body — which reduces the surface area exposed to cold water and protects areas of high heat loss (groin, sides of chest, head), significantly slowing the onset of hypothermia

D. A group huddling technique used only when more than five people are in the water together