What did the NTSB conclude was the primary cause of El Faro's sinking?

A. An unforeseeable and sudden change in the hurricane's track that gave the crew no opportunity to react

B. The captain's failure to avoid sailing into the hurricane, despite numerous opportunities to route the vessel away from the hazardous weather

C. A structural design flaw in the vessel unrelated to the weather

D. A navigational chart error that misplaced the storm's position

A. The tidal height at the time of transit to confirm sufficient under-keel clearance

B. The yacht's fuel consumption for that leg

C. The colour of the seabed shown on the chart

D. Only the distance to the next waypoint

A. Switch the ECDIS to standby mode and navigate by GPS position alone

B. Ignore it — ECDIS alarms are frequently false and can be left running

C. Assess the situation against the planned route and charted depths, take action to maintain safe water, and inform the Master if there is any doubt

D. Acknowledge and silence the alarm immediately so it does not distract the helmsman

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