Question 1

Your examiner asks: what events must be recorded in the Official Log Book under UK regulations, and what is the status of the OLB as evidence in legal proceedings?

Accepted Answer

Merchant Shipping (Official Log Books) Regulations 1981 (SI 1981/569) require UK ships to maintain an Official Log Book. Required entries include: (1) crew engagement and discharge; (2) illness and injury, death of crew or passengers; (3) disciplinary offences and punishments; (4) births and deaths on board; (5) damage to cargo; (6) stowaways; (7) collision — statement of circumstances; (8) damage to the vessel; (9) safety drills and musters; (10) hours of rest (statutory requirement); (11) changes in the articles. Status as evidence: the OLB is an official document made contemporaneously by the Master (a public officer) — it has high evidential weight in legal proceedings. Falsification of the OLB is a criminal offence under the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. Entries should be made promptly, be accurate, and not be altered — any alteration should be crossed out with a single line (not erased) and initialled. The Official Log Book is a statutory document under the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 and the Official Log Book Regulations. Its evidential status is significant: in cargo claims, collision liability, personal injury cases, and employment disputes, the OLB is treated as reliable contemporaneous evidence. Courts expect the OLB to reflect what actually happened — retrospective entries, altered records, or missing entries are all treated adversely. Key Master exam points: (1) ALL entries affecting crew welfare, safety incidents, and significant events must be in the OLB — not just operational entries; (2) entries must be signed by the Master and, in some cases (disciplinary), by the crew member concerned; (3) disciplinary offences require the crew member to have the charge read to them and be given an opportunity to respond — this process is in the OLB; (4) when the OLB is completed, it must be returned to the Registrar of Shipping and Seamen (UK) — a copy is kept on board. MAIB investigators will routinely review the OLB following any incident, and discrepancies between the OLB and other records raise immediate concerns about concealment.

Question 2

During a PSC inspection in Rotterdam, the inspector reviews the Hours of Rest records and finds that an OOW consistently shows 9.5 hours of rest in every 24-hour period, with identical entries for 22 consecutive days. The inspector becomes suspicious. As Master, how do you respond?

Accepted Answer

The inspector's suspicion is justified — genuine rest periods do not produce identical entries on every day for 22 days; this pattern suggests the records are falsified. As Master, you must not defend falsified records. The correct response: (1) Cooperate fully with the inspection — provide the actual scheduled watchkeeping arrangements; (2) If the records are falsified, acknowledge this and provide the actual rest situation; (3) MLC 2006 Standard A2.3 requires minimum 10 hours rest in any 24-hour period and 77 hours rest in any 7-day period — if the OOW is actually receiving only 9.5 hours daily, that is a violation; (4) As Master, you are responsible for ensuring the records reflect reality; (5) If pressure from the company led to record falsification, this is an ISM near-miss that must be reported; (6) PSC may detain the vessel if rest violations are systemic. Falsification of Hours of Rest records is a widely documented practice in the shipping industry. The Paris MOU and other PSC regimes specifically identify suspiciously regular rest records as a red flag. MLC 2006 Title 2 Standard A2.3: minimum rest is 10 hours in any 24-hour period (NOT 9.5 hours — the records themselves show a potential violation) and 77 hours in any 7-day period. Hours of work alternative: the regulations alternatively allow hours of work to be recorded rather than rest — minimum rest and maximum hours of work cannot both be met if actual work exceeds prescribed limits. The Master's ISM duty: under ISM Code Regulation 9 (Reports of non-conformities, accidents and hazardous occurrences), the Master must report to the company when safety-related regulations are being systematically violated. Defending falsified records to PSC constitutes a further regulatory breach. Vessels have been detained by PSC for rest hour violations. The MCA and ITF (International Transport Workers Federation) treat rest hour falsification as a serious deficiency.

Question 3

An AB approaches you as Master with a grievance about working conditions — specifically, he claims the food on board is inadequate and does not meet MLC requirements, and that the cook is serving the same meals repeatedly. What is your obligation under MLC 2006?

Accepted Answer

MLC 2006 Standard A5.1.5 requires ships to have an on-board complaint procedure. As Master: (1) Receive the grievance formally and record it — the seafarer has a right to lodge a formal complaint; (2) Investigate the complaint — MLC Regulation 3.2 (Food and Catering) requires adequate food of appropriate nutritional value and quality, fresh water, and variety; (3) Consult the crew inspection records for food — SOLAS ships are required to have catering inspection records; (4) If valid, take remedial action: review and change menus; inspect stores; brief the cook; (5) Inform the seafarer of the outcome within a reasonable time; (6) The seafarer has the right to escalate to the flag state authority or port state if not satisfied with the ship's response; (7) The company must be informed. Under MLC Reg 5.1.5, the grievance procedure must be posted on board. MLC 2006 (Maritime Labour Convention) entered into force on 20 August 2013 and applies to all ships of 500 GT or more in international trade. It consolidates 68 previous ILO maritime instruments. Title 3 — Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering: Standard A3.2 requires ships to have food and water of appropriate quantity, nutritional value, quality, and variety. Catering standards are not merely aspirational — they are legally required and the Maritime Labour Certificate (MLC) covers catering as one of the inspected areas. On-board grievance procedure: MLC Standard A5.1.5 requires a fair, effective, and expeditious on-board complaint handling procedure that allows seafarers to complain to appropriate higher authorities. The procedure must be posted. The Master's role is not to dismiss or minimise — it is to investigate and respond. PSC can inspect complaint records and investigate whether the on-board procedure was followed. Retaliation against seafarers for making MLC complaints is prohibited.