When does the North-East Atlantic ECA's sulphur limit of 0.10% actually take effect, relative to the ECA's own entry into force?

A. On the same date as the ECA enters into force — 1 September 2027

B. One year after the ECA enters into force — 1 September 2028

C. The sulphur limit was already in effect before the ECA designation

D. The sulphur limit has not yet been set and will be decided separately

A. All plastics must be retained on board for discharge to a port reception facility — discharge of plastics into the sea is prohibited under all circumstances

B. Plastics may be burned in the incinerator and the ash discharged overboard

C. Plastics can be discharged if ground down to less than 25mm

D. They may be discharged overboard once the vessel is more than 12nm from the nearest land

A. Only the engineer needs to be present; deck crew are not involved

B. SOPEP equipment only needs to be available if bunkering more than 50% of capacity

C. Nothing specific — bunkering is routine and does not need pre-checks

D. A pre-bunkering checklist completed (hose connections, drip trays, communication with the barge/terminal, spill response equipment ready and accessible), a dedicated watch maintained throughout, and SOPEP equipment immediately available