A vessel suffers a fire that investigators trace back to unauthorised hot work carried out without a permit. What does this pattern most commonly reveal about the underlying cause, beyond the immediate spark?
A. It reveals nothing beyond the individual's personal carelessness on that occasion
B. A breakdown in safety culture where crew felt able to bypass the permit system for "minor" or time-pressured jobs — the real fix targets that cultural/process gap, not just the specific incident
C. Unauthorised hot work fires are purely a matter of bad luck with no systemic lesson
D. The fix is always to ban hot work entirely rather than examine the process
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A. Any work involving an open flame, welding, burning, grinding, or any process that produces sufficient heat or sparks to act as a source of ignition for flammable materials, gases, or vapours
B. Only welding using electric arc equipment
C. Any task lasting longer than 30 minutes
D. Only work carried out inside a cargo tank
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A. No clearance is needed if a fire extinguisher is present
B. A clear radius of at least 10 metres (or as defined by the risk assessment for the specific task and materials), with all combustibles removed or adequately shielded
C. Clearance is only relevant for work carried out in an engine room
D. 1 metre is always sufficient regardless of the work type
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