Why must a hot work permit specify a defined time limit (commonly a single shift), rather than being open-ended until the job is finished?

A. An open-ended permit is preferable because it reduces paperwork

B. Conditions, personnel, and risks can change over time; a time-limited permit forces a deliberate review and re-authorisation rather than allowing work to continue indefinitely on assumptions that may no longer hold true

C. Time limits exist purely for administrative convenience with no safety purpose

D. Time limits only apply to permits issued by external contractors

A. Any task lasting longer than 30 minutes

B. Only welding using electric arc equipment

C. Any work involving an open flame, welding, burning, grinding, or any process that produces sufficient heat or sparks to act as a source of ignition for flammable materials, gases, or vapours

D. Only work carried out inside a cargo tank

A. A clear radius of at least 10 metres (or as defined by the risk assessment for the specific task and materials), with all combustibles removed or adequately shielded

B. No clearance is needed if a fire extinguisher is present

C. Clearance is only relevant for work carried out in an engine room

D. 1 metre is always sufficient regardless of the work type