A crew member has an asthma attack at sea. They have their blue reliever inhaler. What is the correct management for a moderate attack?

A. Sit upright in fresh air; give 2–4 puffs of blue reliever (salbutamol) via spacer or direct; wait 15 minutes; if improved, continue and monitor; if not improved or worsening: give up to 10 puffs (one at a time, breathe each in); transmit Pan Pan if severe (cannot speak in sentences, SpO2 <92%, not responding to inhaler)

B. Do not give the inhaler — wait to confirm it is asthma before administering medication

C. Lay flat immediately — sitting up increases respiratory effort

D. Give the blue inhaler only once; if it does not work within 2 minutes, proceed directly to Mayday

A. Severe hypothermia — perform CPR immediately regardless of pulse

B. Mild to moderate hypothermia (core temp ~32–35°C) — remove wet clothing, insulate from wind and cold, warm with blankets and foil, give warm sweet drinks if conscious and no injury suspected, handle gently and do NOT rub limbs

C. Heat exhaustion — cool the casualty and give cold water

D. Mild hypothermia — exercise to generate body heat

A. Clear the airway by holding the casualty upside down first

B. Place in recovery position and monitor — never start CPR on a drowning victim who may vomit

C. Start rescue breaths (5 initial breaths) immediately, then begin standard CPR (30 compressions : 2 breaths) — airway and breathing take priority as drowning is a hypoxic event

D. Start chest compressions only — do not give rescue breaths