A crew member who is diabetic becomes confused and sweaty on passage. They cannot tell you if this is a high or low blood sugar. What do you give them and why?

A. Give nothing until you can test their blood glucose — never give sugar without confirming hypoglycaemia

B. Place them in the recovery position and monitor — do not give food or drink to a confused person

C. Give sugar/glucose (orange juice, glucose gel, sugary drink) — if it is a hypo (low blood sugar), this rapidly reverses the emergency; if it is a hyper (high blood sugar), the extra sugar causes minimal additional harm and does not accelerate the deterioration significantly

D. Give insulin from their kit — a confused diabetic is always hyperglycaemic

A. Severe hypothermia — perform CPR immediately regardless of pulse

B. Heat exhaustion — cool the casualty and give cold water

C. Mild to moderate hypothermia (core temp ~32–35°C) — remove wet clothing, insulate from wind and cold, warm with blankets and foil, give warm sweet drinks if conscious and no injury suspected, handle gently and do NOT rub limbs

D. Mild hypothermia — exercise to generate body heat

A. Start rescue breaths (5 initial breaths) immediately, then begin standard CPR (30 compressions : 2 breaths) — airway and breathing take priority as drowning is a hypoxic event

B. Place in recovery position and monitor — never start CPR on a drowning victim who may vomit

C. Clear the airway by holding the casualty upside down first

D. Start chest compressions only — do not give rescue breaths