A crew member is confused, has a dry mouth, and has not urinated for 6 hours on a hot passage. What condition is this and how is it treated?

A. Seasickness — give anti-emetics and withhold all fluids

B. Heat stroke — cool the casualty with ice and give cold drinks immediately

C. Moderate dehydration — give oral fluids (water, diluted sports drinks) if conscious and not vomiting; 500ml over the first hour then 250ml/h; rest in shade; monitor urine output as a recovery guide; severe dehydration with unconsciousness requires IV fluid and urgent medical evacuation

D. Salt deficiency — give salty food and drinks only, not plain water

A. Severe hypothermia — perform CPR immediately regardless of pulse

B. Mild to moderate hypothermia (core temp ~32–35°C) — remove wet clothing, insulate from wind and cold, warm with blankets and foil, give warm sweet drinks if conscious and no injury suspected, handle gently and do NOT rub limbs

C. Heat exhaustion — cool the casualty and give cold water

D. Mild hypothermia — exercise to generate body heat

A. Clear the airway by holding the casualty upside down first

B. Place in recovery position and monitor — never start CPR on a drowning victim who may vomit

C. Start rescue breaths (5 initial breaths) immediately, then begin standard CPR (30 compressions : 2 breaths) — airway and breathing take priority as drowning is a hypoxic event

D. Start chest compressions only — do not give rescue breaths