What is a seacock and why should all crew know where they are?

A. A valve on a through-hull fitting — closing it stops water ingress at that point. In flooding, the correct seacock must be closed quickly; all crew should be briefed on their location before departure

B. A safety valve on the gas system

C. The engine raw water filter bowl — cleaned regularly to prevent blockage

D. A water tank fill fitting on deck

A. Press DSC button and wait — no voice call needed

B. "PAN PAN PAN — This is [vessel name] — Position — We require assistance — Over"

C. "MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY — This is [vessel name x3] — MAYDAY [name] — Position — Nature of distress — Number of persons — Any other information — Over"

D. "MAYDAY — This is [vessel name] — We are sinking — Over"

A. When a person has gone overboard

B. Pan Pan is only used for medical emergencies

C. Pan Pan is used when you cannot raise anyone on Mayday

D. When there is an urgent situation that requires assistance but life is not in immediate danger — e.g. engine failure with crew unharmed in a safe anchorage