Question 1

Rule 8 (Action to avoid Collision) sets out general principles for any action taken to avoid collision. Which of the following best summarises Rule 8?

Accepted Answer

Action shall, if the circumstances admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship; alterations of course and/or speed should be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar, and a succession of small alterations should be avoided Rule 8 is the general 'how to act' rule underpinning Rules 4-19. It emphasises early, substantial, unambiguous action (avoiding a series of small, hard-to-read alterations), and reminds mariners (8(e)) that if necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel may slacken her speed, stop, or reverse her means of propulsion.

Question 2

Rule 5 (Look-out) requires every vessel at all times to maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing, as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions — and this duty applies even when the vessel is at anchor in a busy anchorage.

Accepted Answer

True True. Rule 5 applies 'at all times' and to 'every vessel'. A vessel at anchor in a busy anchorage still needs an effective look-out to detect drifting vessels, dragging anchors, or approaching traffic that may pose a risk of collision or contact.

Question 3

Under Rule 6 (Safe Speed), a vessel fitted with a fully operational radar and ARPA never needs to reduce speed in restricted visibility, because the equipment guarantees early detection of other vessels.

Accepted Answer

False False. Rule 6 explicitly lists radar capability as one factor to consider, but also requires accounting for the state of visibility, traffic density, manoeuvrability, and the limitations of radar (range scale, sea/rain clutter, blind sectors). Even a vessel with excellent radar must proceed at a speed that allows proper and effective action to avoid collision and to be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances.