Question 1

In restricted visibility, two power-driven vessels detect each other only by radar (no visual contact), and a close-quarters situation is developing. Under Rule 19(d), what actions should generally be avoided in this scenario, if at all possible?

Accepted Answer

A vessel should avoid, so far as possible, an alteration of course toward a vessel forward of the beam (other than for a vessel being overtaken), and an alteration of course toward a vessel abeam or aft of the beam — recognising that in restricted visibility, the usual visual cues for interpreting another vessel's aspect/intentions are unavailable Rule 19(d) specifically addresses radar-only encounters in restricted visibility — without visual cues, certain alterations (toward a vessel forward of the beam, or toward one abeam/aft) are more likely to create or worsen a close-quarters situation than resolve it, so they should be avoided where possible in favour of other actions.

Question 2

Rule 5 (Look-out) requires every vessel at all times to maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing, as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions — and this duty applies even when the vessel is at anchor in a busy anchorage.

Accepted Answer

True True. Rule 5 applies 'at all times' and to 'every vessel'. A vessel at anchor in a busy anchorage still needs an effective look-out to detect drifting vessels, dragging anchors, or approaching traffic that may pose a risk of collision or contact.

Question 3

Under Rule 6 (Safe Speed), a vessel fitted with a fully operational radar and ARPA never needs to reduce speed in restricted visibility, because the equipment guarantees early detection of other vessels.

Accepted Answer

False False. Rule 6 explicitly lists radar capability as one factor to consider, but also requires accounting for the state of visibility, traffic density, manoeuvrability, and the limitations of radar (range scale, sea/rain clutter, blind sectors). Even a vessel with excellent radar must proceed at a speed that allows proper and effective action to avoid collision and to be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances.