Question 1

In a crossing situation, the give-way vessel alters course to port, crossing close ahead of the stand-on vessel, rather than altering to starboard. Why is this generally poor practice even if a collision is avoided?

Accepted Answer

Altering to port to pass ahead is contrary to the general intent of Rules 8 and 16 (action should be apparent and should avoid crossing ahead where circumstances allow), can be confusing to the other vessel (who may expect a starboard alteration per the head-on convention), and removes margin if either vessel needs to react further While Rule 15 does not explicitly forbid a to-port alteration in every case, Rule 16 requires avoiding crossing ahead where circumstances allow, and an unexpected-direction alteration can confuse the other vessel's assessment — a starboard alteration (passing astern) is the conventional, more predictable choice.

Question 2

Rule 5 (Look-out) requires every vessel at all times to maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing, as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions — and this duty applies even when the vessel is at anchor in a busy anchorage.

Accepted Answer

True True. Rule 5 applies 'at all times' and to 'every vessel'. A vessel at anchor in a busy anchorage still needs an effective look-out to detect drifting vessels, dragging anchors, or approaching traffic that may pose a risk of collision or contact.

Question 3

Under Rule 6 (Safe Speed), a vessel fitted with a fully operational radar and ARPA never needs to reduce speed in restricted visibility, because the equipment guarantees early detection of other vessels.

Accepted Answer

False False. Rule 6 explicitly lists radar capability as one factor to consider, but also requires accounting for the state of visibility, traffic density, manoeuvrability, and the limitations of radar (range scale, sea/rain clutter, blind sectors). Even a vessel with excellent radar must proceed at a speed that allows proper and effective action to avoid collision and to be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances.