What is the wind-over-tide effect and where is it most pronounced?

A. Wind over tide always produces calmer conditions — the tide suppresses wave height

B. When wind and tidal stream oppose each other, short steep seas develop that are disproportionately large for the wind strength — most pronounced where the tidal stream is fast (headlands, estuaries, banks) and when wind speed is moderate (Force 4-6)

C. The effect only occurs in Force 7 and above — lighter winds are unaffected

D. Wind over tide affects tidal prediction accuracy but not sea state

A. Barometric tendency only matters above Force 6 — below that, pressure changes have no predictive value

B. A fall of 6 hPa in 3h is insignificant — barometric changes only matter over 24h

C. A rapid fall (>6 hPa in 3h is defined as "very rapid" in MET Office guidance) indicates an approaching vigorous depression — imminent deterioration. Seek shelter, shorten sail, check position and proximity to lee shores, and reassess the passage plan immediately

D. This indicates a high pressure system building — expect improving conditions

A. Formed when a cold front catches a warm front — the warm sector is lifted off the surface. An occlusion brings a prolonged period of disturbed weather with cloud, rain, and variable winds; the warm sector advantages (relatively settled weather) are lost

B. An occlusion only forms in tropical waters — not relevant to UK sailing

C. Occluded fronts always bring fog and light winds

D. An occluded front is a front that has weakened and no longer has significant weather