Before anchoring overnight in a bay, how do you assess whether the holding ground will be adequate?

A. Only commercial anchors (Bruce, CQR) hold in poor ground — Danforth anchors are adequate for all conditions

B. Bottom type is irrelevant — scope ratio is the only factor that determines holding

C. Any charted anchorage is automatically safe — chart symbols guarantee good holding

D. Check the chart for bottom type notation (S=sand, M=mud, R=rock, Wd=weed, Sh=shells); sand and mud are good holding; rock and weed are poor. Consider: fetch and swell exposure; tidal rise (sufficient scope?); other vessels anchored (observed holding); depth sounder seabed return (hard rock vs soft mud)

A. Heaving to is only possible in winds above Force 5 — light winds do not allow the technique

B. Heaving to: backed foresail + sheeted main + lashed helm to leeward creates a nearly stationary vessel making minimal leeway. Used for: crew rest, eating hot food, waiting for a tidal gate, reefing in heavy weather, attending to a non-urgent emergency on board

C. Heaving to means stopping the engine and drifting — only used on motor vessels

D. Heaving to requires full sail — reducing sail while hove to defeats the purpose

A. Immediately motor forward at full power to push over the obstruction

B. Drop all sails and anchor in position — wait for the next high water

C. Note the time and check the tide table (is it rising or falling?); if rising — may float off shortly, hold position. If falling — assess: heel to reduce draught (all crew to one side); deploy kedge anchor using the dinghy to deep water; motor off in reverse if possible without damaging propeller; protect against further keeling with fenders/lines to a second anchor

D. Call the Coastguard for immediate assistance — grounding is always an emergency