How can radar be used to fix a vessel's position in restricted visibility?

A. Obtain radar ranges to two or more charted objects (headlands, buoys, fixed structures); plot these ranges as arcs on the chart; the intersection of two arcs is a fix. Radar bearings are less accurate than ranges due to beam width — use ranges preferentially

B. Radar position fixing requires an ARPA radar — standard radar cannot fix position

C. Radar cannot be used for position fixing — it is for collision avoidance only

D. Take radar bearings to two objects and plot as bearing lines — the intersection is the fix

A. The almanac page for the port read below decks as you approach

B. A pilotage plan is only required for commercial vessels entering commercial ports

C. Large-scale chart of the harbour; tidal height at entry time; leading lines and transit bearings; light characteristics of key marks; VHF channel for port/marina; depth of bar or shallowest point; hazards on approach; abort decision point; a sketch on a card visible at the helm

D. Only the GPS waypoints for the harbour entrance — GPS provides all other information

A. Leading lines are depth contours marked on the chart to guide vessels along the 5m contour

B. Leading lines require a radar to use — they cannot be identified visually

C. Only day marks can serve as leading lines — lit structures cannot be used at night

D. Two charted marks aligned in transit indicate the centre line of the safe channel. Keep both marks in line (one above the other) to maintain the correct track. If the marks separate, steer to bring them back in line. The bearing of the transit is fixed and compass-error-free