What is a lee shore and why is it particularly dangerous?

A. A lee shore is a coastline that lies downwind of the vessel — if the engine fails or the vessel is disabled, she will be driven onto it by wind and waves. It is dangerous because working off it under sail requires sailing to windward, which may be impossible in storm conditions

B. A lee shore is the sheltered (leeward) side of a headland — calm water makes it safer for anchoring

C. A lee shore is the same as a weather shore — no distinction exists in modern seamanship

D. A lee shore only becomes dangerous when the wind exceeds Force 8

A. The almanac page for the port read below decks as you approach

B. A pilotage plan is only required for commercial vessels entering commercial ports

C. Large-scale chart of the harbour; tidal height at entry time; leading lines and transit bearings; light characteristics of key marks; VHF channel for port/marina; depth of bar or shallowest point; hazards on approach; abort decision point; a sketch on a card visible at the helm

D. Only the GPS waypoints for the harbour entrance — GPS provides all other information

A. Leading lines are depth contours marked on the chart to guide vessels along the 5m contour

B. Leading lines require a radar to use — they cannot be identified visually

C. Only day marks can serve as leading lines — lit structures cannot be used at night

D. Two charted marks aligned in transit indicate the centre line of the safe channel. Keep both marks in line (one above the other) to maintain the correct track. If the marks separate, steer to bring them back in line. The bearing of the transit is fixed and compass-error-free