Despite the technical boundary argument, what position have PSC authorities taken regarding these bypass-capable valve arrangements?

A. That the overall ballast water treatment and discharge from the vessel must meet Convention minimum standards regardless of where individual valves sit relative to the BWMS Code's technical boundary, and that any uncontrolled bypass capability runs counter to the compliance spirit of the Convention

B. That such arrangements are fully compliant and no further action is required from owners

C. That only valves with electronic control functions are ever relevant to PSC inspection

D. That the issue applies only to vessels built before 2017 under the original G8 Guidelines

A. The piping arrangement may permit the ballast water management system to be bypassed during ballast uptake and discharge operations without activating an alarm

B. BWMS units are failing to achieve the required treatment efficacy under testing

C. Crew are not trained to operate the BWMS control panel

D. Ballast water record books are not being completed in the correct language

A. It must be connected to the BWMS so that any bypass activates an alarm, and the bypass event must be recorded both by the control/monitoring equipment and in the Ballast Water Record Book

B. It must be sealed shut and require a class surveyor's authorisation to open under any circumstances

C. It may bypass the system silently provided the Master verbally informs the Chief Engineer

D. It is only required to be logged if used more than once per voyage